RNV2 (CIVIC EDUCATION NOTES) FOR (JSS1-3)WITH EXERCISE.

JSS 1 RNV 2
(CIVIC EDUCATION)

Topic: SELF RELIANCE
Meaning;
Self Reliance means being independent, which is being able to depend on oneself without assistance from others. It can also be seen as the ability, commitment or effort to provide spiritual and physical necessity for oneself and family. It is the ability to depend on yourself to get things done and meet your own needs, confidence in your own abilities rather than depending on others.

ATTRIBUTES OF SELF RELIANCE
The attributes include:

1. Not being extravagant or wasteful: A self-reliant individual must not be extravagant or wasteful. He or she should be economical, particularly with regard to capital. He or she should be able to use available resources wisely. He or she must be resourceful enough to supplement material needs with locally made materials.
2. Contentment: .The self-reliant person should be contented with whatever they have. They must not be greedy: they should try to see to the welfare of their workers, where they are employers.
3. Integrity: The self-reliant individual must be a person of integrity, lead by example, and show a high degree of good character.
4. Honesty: The self-reliant person must also demonstrate honesty in every respect. In our daily dealings, no matter what position we hold, honesty is a very important value that we must all exhibit.
5. Readiness: Readiness has to do with the maturity and willingness to carry out a project. Thus, the self reliant person must be ready to demonstrate that ability to carry out the goal and objective of the business.
6. Not being corrupt: The self-reliant person must not be corrupt, but must be upright, to avoid the collapse of the business. 7. Trustworthiness: The self-reliant person must be truthful and trustworthy. They must be people that others can rely on and look up to at all times.
7. Proper planning: The self-reliant individual must engage in proper planning of what they want to carry out. Without proper planning, many businesses and projects have been known to have collapsed. 9. Diligence: A diligent person is an individual who is both hardworking and very careful in his or her business. Some people may be hardworking but careless in the handling of things, leading to damage to their work or equipment. A diligent worker makes sure that wastefulness and damage to work equipment are prevented in the work environment.

BENEFITS OF SELF RELIANCE
Benefits of Self-Reliance
are as follows:
1.You can solve problems and make decisions for yourself.

2. You feel happy by yourself, in yourself, and about yourself—without needing to rely on others. 3.You will be able to develop self-acceptance.
3. It encourages you to practice self-compassion and self-knowledge.
4. It gives you perspective and direction. Identifying, Nurturing and perfecting talents and skills
   Below are the process of identifying, nurturing and perfecting your talents and skills:
5. Select a project or business you like: People have different natural skills and preferences. In beginning a business or self-reliance project, first and foremost, identify and then go into that area where your interest is.
6. Prepare the project plan: It is very important from the outset to write down all the ideas, intentions and financial plans that you have for the business. The plan is the guide lamp on how to run the project or business. Normally, the plan should contain the aspirations of the business, the availability of the market, the capital involved, how to raise the capital, the stages the business will go through, and the projected profit based on the observed patronage for similar businesses.
7. Source for funds: Any business, no matter how small, needs some financial investment to start. The amount of money planned to start the first stage of the business must be raised.
8. Acquire the needed equipment and space for the project or business.
9. Take off as quickly as possible. There may be challenges and initial disappointment, but it takes a lot of courage and personal sacrifices to sustain a self-reliance business.
10. Funds for self-reliance projects and businesses can be raised through the following means: personal savings, bank loans, cooperative societies, government agencies, etc

CLASS WORK

1. EXPLAIN THE STATE OF SELF RELIANCE
2. DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF SELF RELIANCE TO ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
3. WHAT IS PLANNING

JSS2 RNV 2
(CIVIC EDUCATION)

Topic: DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTIONS
Introduction:
Democratic institutions are bodies or mechanisms that facilitates the democratic process for the election of public officeholders in any given country or state.
The democratic institutions are;
1.The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)

2. Political Parties
3. Pressure Groups
4. The Arms of Government
    

➡️The Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) is the institution charged with the responsibility of organizing, conducting and supervising elections in Nigeria.

Functions of INEC
1.To conduct a free and fair election
2.To register all eligible voters and political parties
3.To organize campaigns for the contesting political parties
4.To provide all electoral materials
5.To educate the electorates

6. To divide the country into electoral districts known as constituencies
   7.To provide security on the day of election
   8.To announce the result of elections etc.
   ➡️Political Parties
   This is a group of people having the same ideology and who come together for the purpose of winning an election and take the control of the government. Examples of prominent political parties in Nigeria are People’s Democratic Party (PDP), All Progressives Congress of Nigeria (APC), All People’s Grand Alliance (APGA), All Nigerians People’s Party (ANPP), etc.
   ➡️Pressure Groups is a group of like minded people who seek to influence (put pressure on) government on a particular issue. They do not seek power through being elected.
   Functions of pressure group
   Below are some of the functions of pressure group:

1.Pressure groups try to make the government more attentive to the needs of the people. This is because as groups with many members sometimes nationally spread, they command more respect than individuals who may be fighting for similar causes.
2.Pressure groups provide specialised and expert information to the government on their interests and explain government policies to their members and the general public. Thus they are an important link between the government and the people.
3.They help to educate their members and the whole society on their fundamental human and political rights, and on some government policies.
4.The political education and consciousness of citizens are promoted through the activities of pressure groups.
5.They promote economic stability of the country through their useful advice to government on economic policies. Example is the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Industry, Mines and Agriculture (NACCIMA).
6.They promote certain general welfare services. For example, human rights groups like the Civil Liberties Organisation (CLO) offer free legal services in court, especially on cases bordering on the exercise of fundamental human rights.
7.Pressure groups help to integrate the differing interests of various groups in the society into a manageable whole. With this, the government’s attention to these needs will be more focused and effectively addressed.
8.They promote and protect the interest of their members.

CLASS WORK

1. EXPLAIN THE PRIMARY OBJECTIVE OF A POLITICAL PARTY
2. DEFINE PRESSURE GROUP WITH EXAMPLES

JSS 3 RNV 2
(CIVIC EDUCATION)

Topic: RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK
Introduction
Work means any human effort which can be mental or physical tailored towards earning a living.
Attitude is a consistent manner of thinking, feeling and reaction to people, groups and social issues in one’s environment.
In every society there are norms, values and attitudes that are cherished and considered useful for the well being of members and the progress of the society. Some of these values include honesty, hard work, discipline, punctuality, commitment etc.

Meaning of the Right Attitude to Work
Right attitude to work is the positive way a worker carries out his or her work with the aim of helping oneself and mankind.
Attitude to work can also be defined as the way or manner in which we do or carry out our duties or work.

ATTRIBUTES OF RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK

Here are examples of the right attitude to work.
1 Honesty
2 Discipline
3 Commitment
4 Punctuality
5 Integrity
6 Consistency
7 Transparency
8 Passion
9 Respect
10 Dilegence
➡️Honesty is a moral character that connotes truthfulness and straightforwardness in one’s conduct. Honesty is also the absence of lying, stealing and any of the likes. When you’re honest in all the work you do, it brings more good work your way and it will help you build trust in the working environment as well as a trustworthy environment.
➡️Discipline by definition is the practice of obeying rules or a code of behaviour. Discipline is a good attitude to have towards work because as a person, it means you can train yourself to obey a code of behaviour which will yield positive results in your work. The ability to discipline yourself is key in your work. Discipline starts small, from giving yourself a fixed break time to checkmating your own attitude and actions.
➡️Commitment: You must be committed to your work. Commitment is the act of dedicating your time, interest and other resources to your work. Your work requires attention and as such, showing commitment will not only yield good results in your performance but your work at large. It gives other people confidence and trust in you because you commit to any task you do. Commitment is also a key in driving productivity.
➡️Punctuality is the state of being early or on time. Every kind of work has the desired start and end time so does every appointment. Being punctual is a good attitude to have to work because it will keep your organised, calm and early. Others will be able to count on your because you are on time. Productivity will never suffer because as a person you are punctual to work and with your work. Punctuality is the soul of any business as it is required at every level and in every activity of a business.
➡️Integrity is a quality of character whereby an individual has strong moral principles. Integrity is part and parcel of honesty. You cannot be integral if you are not honest. You must show integrity towards your work. Having integrity means you must stay true to who you are and stand up for what is right.
➡️Consistency requires dedication and discipline. Consistency can be defined as a steady behaviour or treatment. It means your good attitude to work along with your results should be consistent. Consistency in work performance is the ability of a person to maintain a particular standard of your work or performance.
➡️Diligence is the act of working hard and with care. Your work should be done thoroughly and well. Lazy work is always easy to tell, and you will not be pleased with the outcome. The process of being diligent may be a painful one, however, the reward is bountiful. Diligence is a key attitude toward work that will drive you to success.

Having the right attitude to work has the following merits:
1 It leads to higher productivity in both private and public sectors
2 It promotes progress, peace and unity.
3 It brings promotion to the workers.
4 It makes other people to have confidence in the workers of the particular organization.
5 It gives a country a positive image.
6 It increases the efficiency of the workers.
7 It creates a good environment for work.
8 It makes a country to be recognised globally.
9 It attracts respect for companies and government establishments.
10 It will create an environment for social, economic, cultural and political development from which all people can benefit.

CLASS WORK

>EXAMINE FIVE BENEFITS OF RIGHT ATTITUDE TO WORK

>WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND BY DISCIPLINE?

>WHO CAN BE REGARDED AS A MAN OF INTEGRITY AMONG THE POLITICIANS IN NIGERIA?